Delivery Flow Metrics

The Delivery Flow tracks work items (features, bugs, chores, incidents) from creation through to production deployment. Use these metrics to understand team velocity, code review efficiency, and delivery pipeline performance.

Overview

Grain: One row per feature/bug/chore/incident issue Refresh: Every 60 minutes Primary Use Case: Team velocity, cycle time analysis, and delivery efficiency

The Delivery Flow provides comprehensive metrics for:

• Issue lifecycle from creation to closure
• PR cycle time and code review efficiency
• Time from merge to production deployment
• Work type breakdown (planned vs unplanned)

Duration Measures

All duration measures track specific phases of the delivery lifecycle.

Issue Duration

What it measures: Total time an issue was open.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	Issue created
End Point	Issue closed
Unit	Days
NULL when	Issue not yet closed

Available aggregations:

• avgIssueDurationDays - Average time issues are open
• medianIssueDurationDays - Median time (recommended)

Interpretation:

• Measures overall cycle time from work identification to completion
• Includes all time: waiting, development, review, and deployment
• High values indicate blocked work or scope creep

Typical ranges:

• Quick fixes: 1-3 days
• Standard features: 1-2 weeks
• Complex features: 2-4 weeks

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Time to First Response

What it measures: How quickly issues receive initial attention.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	Issue created
End Point	First response (comment, assignment, etc.)
Unit	Days
NULL when	No response recorded

Available aggregations:

• avgTimeToFirstResponseDays - Average response time

Interpretation:

• Team responsiveness indicator
• Low values indicate good triage processes
• High values may indicate understaffing or poor notifications

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Issue to PR

What it measures: Time to start coding after issue creation.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	Issue created
End Point	First PR created
Unit	Days
NULL when	No PR created yet

Available aggregations:

• avgIssueToPrDays - Average time to start coding
• medianIssueToPrDays - Median time (recommended)

Interpretation:

• Measures pickup time - how quickly work gets started
• Includes any waiting time before development begins
• Low values indicate good work prioritization

Typical ranges:

• Fast teams: 0-1 days
• Standard: 2-5 days
• Backlog heavy: 1+ weeks

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PR Cycle Time

What it measures: Time from PR creation to merge.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	First PR created
End Point	First PR merged
Unit	Days
NULL when	No PR merged yet

Available aggregations:

• avgPrCycleTimeDays - Average PR duration
• medianPrCycleTimeDays - Median (recommended)

Interpretation:

• Code review efficiency metric
• Includes review time, feedback cycles, and CI/CD runs
• High values indicate review bottlenecks

Typical ranges:

• High-performing: < 1 day
• Standard: 1-3 days
• Needs improvement: > 1 week

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PR to Review

What it measures: Time waiting for first review.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	PR created
End Point	First review submitted
Unit	Days
NULL when	No review yet

Available aggregations:

• avgPrToReviewDays - Average wait time for review

Interpretation:

• Review queue indicator
• High values indicate reviewer bottleneck
• Target: Same day or next business day

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PR to Approval

What it measures: Time from PR creation to first approval.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	PR created
End Point	First approval received
Unit	Days
NULL when	No approval yet

Available aggregations:

• avgPrToApprovalDays - Average time to approval

Interpretation:

• Total review cycle including feedback iterations
• Gap between “to review” and “to approval” = feedback cycle time

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Merge to Deploy

What it measures: Time from code merge to production deployment.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	First PR merged
End Point	First successful production deployment
Unit	Days
NULL when	No successful production deployment

Available aggregations:

• avgMergeToDeployDays - Average deployment pipeline time
• medianMergeToDeployDays - Median (recommended)

Interpretation:

• Deployment pipeline efficiency
• Low values indicate good CI/CD practices
• High values may indicate manual deployment gates

Typical ranges:

• Continuous deployment: < 1 hour (shown as < 0.04 days)
• Daily deployments: < 1 day
• Weekly releases: 3-7 days

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Total Lead Time

What it measures: Complete time from issue creation to successful production deployment.

Aspect	Value
Start Point	Issue created
End Point	First successful production deployment
Unit	Days
NULL when	No successful production deployment

Available aggregations:

• avgTotalLeadTimeDays - Average end-to-end lead time
• medianTotalLeadTimeDays - Median (recommended)
• p90TotalLeadTimeDays - 90th percentile (for planning)

Interpretation:

• Most comprehensive delivery metric
• Combines all phases: waiting + development + review + deployment
• P90 useful for setting customer expectations

Typical ranges:

• Elite teams: 1-3 days
• High-performing: 1-2 weeks
• Standard: 2-4 weeks
• Needs improvement: 1+ months

Work Type Metrics

Issue Type Breakdown

Measure	Description
count	Total issues
featureCount	Feature issues
bugCount	Bug issues
choreCount	Chore/maintenance issues
incidentCount	Incident issues

Planned vs Unplanned Work

Measure	Description
plannedWorkCount	Features + Chores (planned work)
unplannedWorkCount	Bugs + Incidents (reactive work)
plannedWorkPercentage	% of work that was planned

Interpretation:

• Healthy teams: 70-80% planned work
• High unplanned work: May indicate quality issues or understaffing
• 100% planned: May indicate ignoring bugs/incidents

PR Size Metrics

Track code change size to identify review complexity:

Measure	Description
avgPrLinesChanged	Average lines (additions + deletions) per PR
medianPrLinesChanged	Median lines changed
avgPrChangedFiles	Average files modified per PR

PR Size Categories (dimension prSize):

• xs - Extra small (< 50 lines)
• s - Small (50-200 lines)
• m - Medium (200-500 lines)
• l - Large (500-1000 lines)
• xl - Extra large (> 1000 lines)

Best practice: Aim for smaller PRs (xs, s, m). Large PRs have longer review cycles and higher defect rates.

Discovery Origin Metrics

Track work that originated from discovery research:

Measure	Description
fromDiscoveryCount	Issues created from validated discoveries
fromDiscoveryPercentage	% of work from discovery process

Interpretation:

• Measures how much work flows through the discovery process
• Higher percentages indicate more research-driven development

Completion Metrics

Track delivery pipeline completion rates:

Measure	Description
withPrCount	Issues with at least one PR
withMergedPrCount	Issues with merged PR
withProductionDeploymentCount	Issues deployed to production
withSuccessfulDeploymentCount	Issues with successful deployment

Interpretation:

• Drop-off between stages indicates bottlenecks
• Example: High withPrCount but low withMergedPrCount = review bottleneck

Dimensions (Filters)

Filter delivery metrics by:

Dimension	Description
provider	Issue tracking provider
type	feature, bug, chore, incident
state	Current issue state
prSize	xs, s, m, l, xl
isPlannedWork	Features and chores
isUnplannedWork	Bugs and incidents
originatedFromDiscovery	Came from discovery process

Status flags:

• isIssueComplete - Issue is closed
• hasPr - Has at least one PR
• hasMergedPr - Has merged PR
• hasProductionDeployment - Deployed to production
• hasSuccessfulProductionDeployment - Successfully deployed

Via Joins:

• Projects.id / Projects.name - Filter by project
• Teams.id / Teams.name - Filter by team
• Users.id / Users.name - Filter by issue author

Common Analysis Patterns

Team Velocity Dashboard

Measures:
- count (throughput)
- medianTotalLeadTimeDays (cycle time)
- featureCount vs bugCount (work mix)

Code Review Efficiency

Measures:
- medianPrCycleTimeDays (overall review time)
- avgPrToReviewDays (time to first review)
- avgPrToApprovalDays (time to approval)
- medianPrLinesChanged (PR size)

Deployment Pipeline Health

Measures:
- medianMergeToDeployDays (pipeline speed)
- withMergedPrCount vs withSuccessfulDeploymentCount (completion rate)

Work Type Analysis

Measures:
- plannedWorkPercentage (target: 70-80%)
- bugCount trend over time
- incidentCount (should be low)

FAQ

Q: What’s the difference between “Issue Duration” and “Total Lead Time”?

Issue Duration measures when the issue is open (created → closed). Total Lead Time measures time to production (created → deployed). An issue can close before deployment or deploy before closing.

Q: Why measure PR Cycle Time separately from Total Lead Time?

PR Cycle Time isolates the code review phase. If Total Lead Time is high but PR Cycle Time is low, the bottleneck is elsewhere (pickup time or deployment pipeline).

Q: What’s a good target for PR Cycle Time?

Industry benchmarks suggest < 24 hours for high-performing teams. However, context matters - security-critical code may require longer reviews.

Q: Why split planned vs unplanned work?

This split reveals team health. High unplanned work (bugs, incidents) indicates quality issues. Teams should track this ratio over time.

Q: Some issues show 0 Total Lead Time - is that accurate?

If a PR deploys on the same day the issue was created, the lead time rounds to 0 days. This indicates very fast delivery.

Related

• Analytics Overview - Understanding the three flows
• Discovery Flow - Track research validation
• Deployment Flow - Deployment pipeline metrics
• DORA Metrics - DevOps performance framework
• SPACE Framework - Developer productivity framework